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第二章 Roman Empire 罗马帝国时代 (第6/46页)
ly possessed aristocratic or democratic institutions; the de facto monarchy of tyrants, in which heredity was usually more of an ambition rather than the accepted rule; and the limited, predominantly military and sacerdotal, power of the twin hereditary Spartan kings. The same might have held true of feudal institutions like serfdom, which may have persisted in Macedon well into historical times. Such institutions were abolished by city–states well before Macedon’s rise. ??Philip’s son, Alexander the Great (356–323 BC), managed to briefly extend Macedonian power not only over the central Greek city–states, but also to the Persian empire, including Egypt and lands as far ea
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